Meaning

• To continue in extent.

  "The meeting seemed to go on forever."

• To continue an action.

  "He went on walking even when the policeman told him to stop."

• To proceed.

  "He went on to win a gold medal."

• To talk about a subject frequently or at great length.

  "Sam goes on and on about Pokémon."

• To use and adopt (information) in order to understand an issue, make a decision, etc.

  "I didn't make a decision because I didn't have anything to go on."

• To happen (occur).

  "What's going on?!"

Meaning

• Expressing that the speaker can continue speaking without interruption from the listener.

• Expressing surprise, disbelief or incredulity.

  "A: He asked Fiona to marry him."

• Expressing encouragement, see come on.

  "Go on! You can do it!"